ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITIES | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases referred to Enforcement | 22 | 27 | 20 | 16 |
| Investigations initiated (no. of cases)
| 10 | 13 | 8 | 6 |
| Investigations completed (no. of cases)
| 13 | 10 | 10 | 12 |
| Persons charged in criminal proceedings
| 17 | 17 | 10 | 8 |
| Criminal charges laid
| 220 | 61 | 39 | 14 |
| Persons against whom civil actions initiated
| 5 | 2 | 20 | - |
| Person involved in regulatory settlements
| 6 | 2 | 7 | 3 |
| Administrative actions
| 41 | 37 | 32 | 80 |
The global capital market performance continued to decline in Q3 2022, amid further tightening in global financial conditions and rising recessionary concerns given the persistently elevated global inflationary pressure. Sentiments were also clouded by protracted geopolitical instability and increased expectations of more aggressive global monetary policy tightening. In addition, major central bankers signalled a strong commitment to curb inflation even at the risk of recession. This negative sentiment was further reflected in a series of downgrades of global growth forecasts – including by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in Q3 2022.
In global equities, both the MSCI World and MSCI Emerging Markets declined by -6.6% quarter on quarter (q-o-q) (Q2 2022: -16.6%) and -12.5% q-o-q (Q2 2022: -12.4%) respectively in Q3 2022. This was against the backdrop of the deteriorating global economic outlook, in an environment of high inflation, ongoing war in
Ukraine and its ensuing impact on Europe’s energy markets, as well as China’s economic slowdown. In the US, the S&P 500 index fell by -5.3% q-o-q in Q3 2022 (Q2 2022: -16.4%), as investors continued to react to the US Federal Reserve’s (Fed) increasingly hawkish stance. Similarly, the Euro Stoxx 50 declined by -4.0% q-o-q (Q2 2022: -11.5%), while the UK FTSE 100 ended lower by -3.8% q-o-q (Q2 2022: -4.6%). In Asia, the Nikkei 225 dropped -1.7% q-o-q in Q3 2022 (Q2 2022: -5.1%).
Meanwhile, global bond yields were broadly higher in Q3 2022 following a series of aggressive monetary policy tightening by major central banks. At its Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meeting in September 2022, the US Fed raised its benchmark interest rate by 75 basis points (bps) to 3.25%, the third consecutive threequarter point increase that pushed borrowing costs to the highest since 2008. Other major central banks also tightened their policy stance further, including the Bank of England (BOE), which raised its benchmark interest rate by another 50 bps to 2.25%, and the European Central Bank (ECB) that hiked its rates by an unprecedented 75 bps in September 2022.
The UST 10-year yield rose to a high of 3.96% on 27 September 2022, the highest in 12 years, before ending the quarter 83.0 bps q-o-q higher at 3.80% (Q2 2022: 64.9 bps). Likewise, the German bund 10-year yield rose by 74.4 bps q-o-q to 2.11% (Q2 2022: 81.3 bps). Meanwhile, the UK Gilt 10-year yield rose significantly
by 185.1 bps q-o-q to 4.09% in Q3 2022 (Q2 2022: 62.9 bps), due to a crisis of confidence in the UK’s fiscal sustainability following the new government’s mini-budget announcement. In Asia, Japan’s 10-year government bond yield increased by 2.0 bps q-o-q to 0.25% (Q2 2022: 1.1 bps). Meanwhile, sovereign bond yields in emerging markets were similarly higher in Q3 2022 in tandem with the performance of the global bond market.
